Transport of blooms to the coast occurs via upwelling circulation generated from southward flowing winds (wind-driven) and the southward-flowing portion of the Loop Current (Loop Current–driven). brevis HABs along the west Florida coastline and elsewhere, but too much upwelling may obviate such occurrences. Upwelling is a necessary condition for K. brevis blooms observed at the coast are mature blooms that developed in relatively nutrient poor offshore waters where silicate levels were too low for diatoms to compete with K. Once the bloom reaches sufficient concentration to dominate the phytoplankton community, the then mono-specific bloom utilizes all available nutrient sources as well as generating its own nutrient supply using its toxins to kill fish. brevis cells also receive necessary shading from the overlying Trichodesmium. brevis c ells utilize nutrients from nitrogen fixing single-cell Trichodesmium cyanobacteria. In the in (relatively) nutrient poor (termed oligotrophic) offshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico, scientists believe that the K. While land-derived nutrients may account for near shore productivity, they do not explain the inter-annual variability in blooms. brevis, fueled by nutrients of varying origins, annually threaten these industries. Although scientists describe the WFS waters as “oligotrophic’ (having low levels of nutrients), the area supports productive coastal industries, including reef fisheries and tourism. Weisberg, University of South Florida.īlooms of Karenia brevis originate offshore in relatively nutrient and silicate-poor waters of the West Florida (continental) Shelf (WFS) before traveling to the Florida coastline by currents and upwelling. Observations of red tide ( Karenia brevis) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico from 1953 to 2014.
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